Due Monday, May 19 vocabulary test on rhetorical terms. Copy on Monday's blog.
In class: We are analyzing Martin Luther King's speech given at the Lincoln Memorial for the following rhetorical devices: epistrophe, anaphora, parallelism, metaphors, similes, logos, ethos and pathos. This requires close reading. You have a class handout (copy below), which explains or reviews the material and gives examples. Take the time to read these through carefully, noting the examples. This is followed by a graphic organizer of King's speech. YOU WILL NOT TURN IN THE GRAPHIC ORGANIZER. This is for you to make annotations and take notes. As you read the speech, you will find examples of the various rhetorical devices. Although there are many more examples, your goal is to find 20 and list them with your textual proof on the RESPONSE SHEET, WHICH IS DUE AT THE END OF CLASS ON THURSDAY.
Note that this is a writing assignment grade.
Graphic organizer and rhetorical devices
and techniques
anaphora- (noun) repetition of a word or words at the
beginning of two or more successive verses, clauses, or sentences. Its purpose is to make the statement
memorable, to emphasize an idea, thought or passage and to provide a linking
thread. Examples: “Every day, every night, in every way, I am
getting better and better”
“My life is my purpose. My life is my goal. My
life is my inspiration.”
“Buying nappies for the baby, feeding the
baby, playing with the baby: This is what your life is when
you have a baby.
“I want my money right now, right here, all
right?”
epistrophe- (noun)- stylistic
device that can be defined as the repetition of phrases or words at the end of
the clauses or sentences. Its purpose is to make the statement memorable, to
emphasize an idea, thought or passage and to provide a linking thread.
Examples: “The big sycamore
by the creek was gone. The willow tangle was gone. The little enclave of untrodden bluegrass was gone. The clump of
dogwood on the little rise across the creek–now\ that,
too, was gone….
parallelism – (noun) - the
use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in
their construction, sound, meaning or meter. This method adds balance and
rhythm to sentences giving ideas a smoother flow and thus can be persuasive
because of the repetition it employs.
Examples: Like father, like
son.
The
escaped prisoner was wanted dead or alive.
Easy
come, easy go.
Whether
in class, at work or at home, Shasta was always busy.
metaphor- a figure of speech
in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally
applicable in order to suggest a resemblance, as in “A mighty fortress is our
God.”
simile- figure of speech in
which two unlike things are explicitly compared, as in “she is like a rose.
logos- (noun)- a mode of
persuasion that uses logic and reason as a means to convince an audience of the
presenter’s
argument. Example:
"However, although private final demand, output, and employment have
indeed been growing for more than a
year, the pace of that growth recently appears somewhat less vigorous than we
expected. Notably, since stabilizing in mid-2009, real household spending in
the United States has grown in the range of 1 to 2 percent at annual rates, a
relatively modest pace. Households' caution is understandable.
The Economic Outlook and Monetary Policy by Ben Bernanke. August 27th,
2010.
ethos-(noun)-a mode of
persuasion that uses ethical appeal as a means to convince an audience of the
author’s credibility or character. Example:
“ I will build new
partnerships to defeat the threats of the 21st century: terrorism and nuclear
proliferation; poverty and genocide; climate change and disease. And I will
restore our moral standing, so that America is once again that last, best hope
for all who are called to the cause of freedom, who long for lives of peace,
and who yearn for a better future."
Democratic Presidential Candidate Acceptance Speech by Barack Obama.
August 28th, 2008.
pathos-(noun)- a mode of
persuasion that uses emotion to convince an audience of the presenter’s
argument.
Example: "I am not
unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations.
Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come
from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the
storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have
been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that
unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama,
go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to
the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this
situation can and will be changed."
I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King Jr. August 28th, 1963.
Response sheet for analysis of Martin Luther King’s Lincoln
Memorial Speech
Name__________________________________________-
Directions: You are analyzing Martin Luther King’s speech at
the Lincoln Memorial for rhetorical devices. Use the top sheet as a reference.
You must have a total of 20 examples. I have organized the speech in the
following format to allow you
to take notes. However, you will only turn in the response sheet.
They must
include at least one of each of the following:
allusion, anaphora, epistrophe, parallelism, metaphor,
simile, logos, ethos and pathos.
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Transcript of speech by
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
August 28, 1963. Lincoln Memorial in
Washington D.C.
I am happy to join with you today in
what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the
history of our nation.
Five score years ago a great American
in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation Proclamation.
This momentous decree came as a great beckoning light of hope to millions of
Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It
came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.
But one hundred years later the Negro
is still not free. One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.
One hundred years later the Negro
lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material
prosperity.
One hundred years later the Negro is
still languishing in the comers of American society and finds himself in
exile in his own land.
We all have come to this hallowed spot
to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. Now is the time to rise from
the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial
justice. Now is the time to change racial injustice to the solid rock of
brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice ring out for all of God's
children.
There will be neither rest nor
tranquility in America until the Negro is granted citizenship rights.
We must forever conduct our struggle
on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative
protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to
the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.
And the marvelous new militarism which
has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white
people, for many of our white brothers have evidenced by their presence here
today that they have come to realize that their destiny is part of our
destiny.
So even though we face the
difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply
rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this
nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold
these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal."
I have a dream that one day on the red
hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave
owners will be able to sit together at the table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the
state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice,
sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of
freedom and justice.
I have a dream that little children
will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of
their skin but by the content of their character.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day down in
Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its Governor having his lips dripping
with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right there in
Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with
little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day every
valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough
places plains, and the crooked places will be made straight, and before the
Lord will be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
This is our hope. This is the faith
that I go back to the mount with. With this faith we will be able to hew out
of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able
to transform the genuine discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of
brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, pray together;
to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom
forever, )mowing that we will be free one day.
And I say to you today my friends, let
freedom ring. From the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire, let freedom
ring. From the mighty mountains of New York, let freedom ring. From the
mighty Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!
Let freedom ring from the snow capped
Rockies of Colorado!
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous
slopes of California!
But not only there; let freedom ring
from the Stone Mountain of Georgia!
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain
in Tennessee!
Let freedom ring from every hill and
molehill in Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
And when this happens, when we allow
freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and hamlet, from
every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of
God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and
Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro
spiritual, "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God almighty, we're free
at last!"
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